Smoking and Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study in American Males
Reading Time: 3 minutesIntroduction Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), also known as hypogonadism, is a clinical condition characterized by low levels of testosterone and associated symptoms such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and mood disturbances. The prevalence of TDS has been increasing in recent years, prompting researchers to investigate potential contributing factors. Among these, smoking has emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor.... Read more »